iTRAQ-based Proteomic Analysis of Serum Differential Proteins from Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Patients Before and After Qishun Baolier Treatment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveHenoch-Schönlein purpura（HSP） is one of the dominant diseases in Mongolian medicine. Qishun Baolier（QSBLE）， as the main prescription for the treatment of HSP， has significant clinical effect， but its mechanism is not yet clear. Baed on this， this study is intended to screen the differentially expressed proteins before and after treatment， and preliminarily explore the molecular mechanism of QSBLE in the treatment of HSP. MethodTaking oneself as the control， 30 HSP patients aged 6-45 years were collected， and QSBLE was taken orally at 12：00 and 24：00， respectively. The dose was adjusted according to age and the course of treatment was one week. The distribution of proteinuria， hematuria and skin purpura of all patients were determined before and after treatment. The serum samples of 10 patients with clinically significant remission after QSBLE treatment were randomly selected for proteomics. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification（iTRAQ） combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） was used to analyze the proteins in serum of HSP patients before and after treatment， and differential proteins were analyzed bioinformatically and the protein-protein interaction（PPI） networks were constructed. ResultA total of 378 proteins were identified from serum， including 18 differentially expressed proteins， of which 15 proteins were up-regulated and 3 proteins were down regulated. Bioinformatics showed that the differential proteins were mainly involved in biological processes such as immune response， immunoglobulin production， phagocytosis， adaptive immune response before and after treatment. Biological processes， pathways and proteins were used to construct the PPI network， the proteins represented by immunoglobulin heavy constant γ1（IGHG1）， immunoglobulin λ-chain 7-43（IGLV7-43）， gelsolin（GSN） and 60 kDa heat shock protein（HSPD1） were involved in biological processes and related pathways such as adaptive immune response， immunoglobulin production， leukocyte-mediated immunity， regulation of stress response， regulation of immune system processes， regulation of trauma response， and these proteins were at the center of the PPI network. ConclusionQSBLE may play a role in the treatment of HSP by regulating the expression of IGHG1， IGLV7-43， GSN， HSPD1 and other key proteins to affect immune-related biological processes.

Serum proteinogram of the Campeiro horse / Proteinograma sérico de equinos da raça Campeiro

The aim of this study to measure the fractions of the total serum proteins of the Campeiro horse and identify the influences of biological variants. Blood samples were taken in 138 horses of the breed Campeiro for measuring the concentration of total serum protein by the biuret method. Serum concentrations of protein fractions were measured by electrophoresis using agarose gel. Groups were formed according to age, sex and reproductive condition. The average values of serum fractions: albumin (2.85±0.36g/dl), alpha 1 (0.28±0.11g/dl), alpha 2 (0.26±0.08g/dL) beta 1 (0.57±0.15g/dl), beta 2 (0.89±0.28g/dL), gamaglobulinas (1.86±0.34g/dL), albumin/globulin ratio (0.75±0.18) and 2.5% percentile and 97.5% had slight differences in relation to the reference interval proposed for the species. They observed higher values of alpha 1 and 2 globulins in the group from that had six to eight years old and gammaglobulins in group above 13 years old. Serum protein concentrations were similar in horses and mares and between non-pregnant and pregnant. Sex and pregnancy status did not affect serum proteinogram. Alpha and gammaglobulins have higher values as the age increases. Serum proteinogram of Campeiro horses shows variations that have to be considered in the interpretation of laboratory tests.(AU)

Este trabalho tem por objetivo mensurar as frações das proteínas totais séricas de equinos Campeiros e identificar as influências de variantes biológicas. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 138 equinos, machos e fêmeas da raça Campeiro. A determinação da concentração de proteínas totais séricas foi realizada pelo método de biureto. As concentrações séricas das frações proteicas foram determinadas por eletroforese, utilizando-se gel de agarose. Formaram-se grupos em relação à idade, ao sexo e à condição reprodutiva. Os valores médios das frações séricas albumina (2,85±0,36g/dL), alfa 1 (0,28±0,11g/dL), alfa 2 (0,26±0,08g/dL), beta 1 (0,57±0,15g/dL), beta 2 (0,89±0,28g/dL), gamaglobulinas (1,86±0,34g/dL), relação albumina/globulina (0,75±0,18) e os percentis 2,5% e 97,5% apresentaram diferenças pontuais em relação aos intervalos propostos para a espécie. Observaram-se maiores valores de alfa 1, alfa 2 globulinas, no grupo de seis a oito anos, e de gamaglobulinas, no grupo acima de 13 anos de idade. O proteinograma sérico foi similar entre machos e fêmeas e entre fêmeas vazias e gestantes. Sexo e estado gestacional não afetaram o proteinograma sérico. Alfa e gamaglobulinas têm incrementos em função de idades crescentes. O proteinograma sérico de equinos Campeiros tem variações que devem ser consideradas em exames laboratoriais.(AU)

Effect of Egyptian propolis on cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed rats with special emphasis on oocysts shedding, leukogram, protein profile and ileum histopathology

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the activity of Egyptian propolis extracts (ethanol and water) on cryptosporidiosis in experimentally infected dexamethasone-immunosuppressed rats.@*METHODS@#A total of 180 male rats (190-220) g BWt were randomly divided into 9 equal groups (G1-G9). Groups of rats were kept as (G1): normal control, (G2-G9): immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and (G3-G9): infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts. Rats from (G4-G9) were given orally ethanol and water extract of propolis (at a dose of 50 mg/kg BWt) and nitazoxanide (standard anti-cryptosporidial drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg BWt) to infected rats with different regimes. Faecal pellets were collected from all groups to monitor oocysts shedding from the 2nd to the 15th day post infection. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from all groups for determination of leukogram and serum proteins. Ileum specimens were also examined histopathologically.@*RESULTS@#The highest reduction of oocysts shedding in faecal samples was 88% in rats prophylactically treated with propolis ethanol extract at the 4th dpi, and in rats prophylactically treated with water extract of propolis, was 91% at the 6th dpi. There was a marked increase in neutrophils count and α- and β-globulins levels in infected rats treated with both extracts, while a significant decrease was detected in lymphocytes compared to the infected non treated group. β-Globulin level markedly increased in the rats administered nitazoxanide. Histopathological changes were observed in the ileum of rats infected with Cryptosporidium.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Egyptian propolis extracts have an activity on cryptosporidiosis in rats. Moreover, propolis modulated the immunity in dexamethasone-immunosuppressed rats.

Effect of Egyptian propolis on cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed rats with special emphasis on oocysts shedding, leukogram, protein profile and ileum histopathology

Objectives To investigate the activity of Egyptian propolis extracts (ethanol and water) on cryptosporidiosis in experimentally infected dexamethasone-immunosuppressed rats. Methods A total of 180 male rats (190–220) g BWt were randomly divided into 9 equal groups (G1–G9). Groups of rats were kept as (G1): normal control, (G2–G9): immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and (G3-G9): infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts. Rats from (G4–G9) were given orally ethanol and water extract of propolis (at a dose of 50 mg/kg BWt) and nitazoxanide (standard anti-cryptosporidial drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg BWt) to infected rats with different regimes. Faecal pellets were collected from all groups to monitor oocysts shedding from the 2nd to the 15th day post infection. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from all groups for determination of leukogram and serum proteins. Ileum specimens were also examined histopathologically. Results The highest reduction of oocysts shedding in faecal samples was 88% in rats prophylactically treated with propolis ethanol extract at the 4th dpi, and in rats prophylactically treated with water extract of propolis, was 91% at the 6th dpi. There was a marked increase in neutrophils count and α

Perfil bioquímico nutricional en un grupo de pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello / Nutritional biochemical profile in a group of patients with head and neck cancer / Perfil bioquímico nutricional num grupo de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el estado nutricional mediante diferentes parámetros bioquímicos en 17 pacientes adultos de ambos sexos, con cáncer de cabeza y cuello, seleccionados y asistidos en el Instituto Oncológico A. Roffo al inicio del tratamiento. Las muestras de sangre fueron recolectadas en ayunas y sobre el suero separado por centrifugación se determinaron las siguientes fracciones proteicas: transtiretina (TTR), transferrina (Transf), fracciones de complemento C3 y C4 (C3c, C4c), ceruloplasmina (Cp), haptoglobina (Hp), proteína C reactiva (PCR), por inmunodifusión radial cuantitativa en placas (Binding Site, Reino Unido; Diffu-Plate, Biocientífica SA, Argentina); la concentración de IL-4 fue determinada por el método de Elisa y se evaluó el estado antioxidante total (TAS) (Kit RANDOX, Reino Unido). Sobre el 58% de los pacientes (n=10) se analizó el perfil de ácidos grasos por cromatografía gaseosa. Los ácidos oleico, linoleico, araquidónico (AA), α-linolénico, eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA) fueron identificados por el tiempo de retención y calculados como porcentaje del total de los ácidos grasos. Los resultados fueron expresados como X±DE y comparados con valores obtenidos en individuos sanos (VR). Los resultados muestran una disminución en los niveles séricos de TTR, C3c, Transf, e IL4 con aumento concomitante de Cp y Hp con respecto a los VR; estos resultados indican un comprometido estado nutricional e inflamatorio. También se observa un estado antioxidante total deprimido y disminución en la concentración de ácidos grasos esenciales (ω3 y ω6). El análisis global de estos hallazgos demuestra la importancia de la evaluación nutricional temprana y periódica de estos pacientes; esto permitiría realizar una valoración precoz de la necesidad de un apropiado tratamiento nutricional específico.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional status of 17 patients suffering from head and neck cancer, who attended Angel Roffo Institute of Oncology, at the beginning of the specific treatment, through the use of biochemical parameters. Blood samples were collected from fasting patients. Specific serum protein fractions transthyretin (TTR), transferrin (Transf), C3 and C4 complement fractions (C3c,C4c); ceruloplasmin (Cp), haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (RCP) were measured by single radial immunodiffusion technique on agar gel layers (Binding Site, UK; Diffu-Plate, Biocientífica SA, Argentina). The level of IL-4 was determined by Elisa method and total antioxidant status (TAS) by Randox Kit (UK). On 58% of patients (n=10) the fatty acid profile was analyzed. Results expressed as X±SD were compared with reference values performed in a group of healthy individuals. Data showed lower TTR, C3c, Transferrin and IL-4 together with higher Cp and Haptoglobin sera levels than reference values. The results pointed out to a depressed nutritional status and inflammation. Also, diminishment in the total antioxidant status and in essential fatty acids ω3 and ω6 was observed. These findings showed the importance of an early and periodic nutritional evaluation that could help to perform an adequate nutritional support concomitant with the specific treatment.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o estado nutricional através de diferentes parâmetros bioquímicos em 17 pacientes adultos de ambos os sexos, com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, selecionados e assistidos, no Instituto Oncológico A. Roffo, no início do tratamento. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas em jejum e sobre o soro separado por centrifugação foram determinadas as seguintes frações proteicas: transtirretina (TTR), transferrina (Transf), frações de complemento C3 e C4 (C3c, C4c), ceruloplasmina (Cp), haptoglobina (Hp), proteína C reativa (PCR), por imunodifusão radial quantitativa em placas (Binding Site, Reino Unido; Diffu-Plate, Biocientífica SA, Argentina); a concentração de IL-4 foi determinada pelo método de Elisa e se avaliou o estado antioxidante total (TAS) (Kit RANDOX, Reino Unido). Sobre 58% dos pacientes (n=10) foi analisado o perfil de ácidos graxos por cromatografia gasosa. Os ácidos oleico, linoleico, araquidônico (AA), α-linolênico, eicosapentaenoico (EPA) e docosahexaenoico (DHA) foram identificados pelo tempo de retenção e calculados como percentual do total dos ácidos graxos. Os resultados foram expressos como X±DE e comparados com valores obtidos em indivíduos saudáveis (VR). Os resultados mostram uma diminuição nos níveis séricos de TTR, C3c, Transf, e IL4 com aumento concomitante de Cp e Hp com relação aos VR; estes resultados indicam um comprometido estado nutricional e inflamatório. Também se observa um estado antioxidante total deprimido e diminuição na concentração de ácidos graxos essenciais (ω3 e ω6). A análise global destes achados demonstra a importância da avaliação nutricional precoce e periódica destes pacientes; isto permitiria realizar uma avaliação precoce da necessidade de um adequado tratamento nutricional específico.

Transferência de imunidade passiva e proteinograma sérico em bezerros das raças Crioula Lageana variedade Mocha e Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus) nos primeiros seis meses de vida / Transfer of passive immunity and serum proteinogram in calves of the Criollo Lageano hornless variety and Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus) breed in their first six months of life

A raça Crioula Lageana apresenta-se como uma alternativa para a pecuária moderna, devido a sua grande variabilidade genética, rusticidade e adaptação às condições ambientais do Planalto Catarinense. Estas características podem influenciar importantes eventos fisiológicos, os quais deveriam ser investigados, pois podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de futuros programas de melhoramento animal. Sabe-se que a falha da transferência de imunidade passiva (TIP) constitui um importante fator para a elevação dos índices de mortalidade neonatal na espécie bovina. Desta forma, torna-se indispensável à avaliação dos aspectos relacionados à TIP em bezerros da raça Crioula Lageana variedade mocha e a sua comparação com outras raças de corte criadas no Planalto Serrano Catarinense. Com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar a TIP e o proteinograma sérico foram selecionados dois grupos experimentais compostos por 11 bezerros da raça Crioula Lageana variedade mocha e 14 bezerros da raça Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus). Amostras de sangue foram colhidas por meio da venopunção jugular para a mensuração da proteína total sérica (PTS), eletroforese das proteínas séricas em gel de agarose, atividade da gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) e concentração de imunoglobulinas G (IgG) por meio do método de turvação pelo sulfato de zinco nos períodos entre 24 e 36 horas, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias de vida. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada por meio da análise de variância de medidas repetidas (ANOVA), teste de Tukey para a comparação entre médias (P<0,05) e correlação entre as variáveis. Ao analisar os valores de PTS, globulinas, gamaglobulinas, IgG e atividade sérica de GGT ao nascimento (24 a 36 horas) pode se afirmar que houve adequada TIP não havendo diferença significativa entre as raças, exceto para a atividade sérica da GGT. Observaram-se variações fisiológicas na curva de proteínas séricas do nascimento até os 180 dias de idade. Forte correlação positiva foi observada entre os valores de gamaglobulina e IgG (r=0,814 para CL e r=0,877 para AA), PTS (r=0,783 para CL e r=0,947 para AA), globulinas (r=0,945 para CL e r=0,985 para AA), evidenciando que estas variáveis foram bons indicadores da TIP em bezerros ao segundo dia de vida (24-36 horas). A correlação entre gamaglobulinas e atividade da GGT foi fracamente positiva (r=0,251) para bovinos da raça Crioula Lageana variedade mocha e fortemente positiva (r=0,815) para a raça Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus), o qual foi admitido a grande variação nos valores da GGT após 24 horas de vida do bezerro. Não houve diferença na TIP entre as raças Crioula Lageana variedade mocha e Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus), ocorrendo de maneira bem-sucedida em ambas as raças. Pode-se sugerir que a raça Crioula Lageana variedade mocha seja mais tardia na síntese ativa de anticorpos, ressaltando a precocidade dos taurinos evidenciada na raça Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus).(AU)

The Criollo Lageano breed is an alternative for modern farming, due to its high genetic variability, rusticity and adaptation to environmental conditions of the Plateau of Santa Catarina, Brazil. These characteristics can influence important physiological events which should be investigated, because they can assist in developing future programs of animal breeding. It is known that failure of passive transfer (FPT) is an important factor for the increase in neonatal mortality in cattle. Thus, it is essential to evaluate aspects related to FPT in Criollo Lageano calves and the comparison with other beef breed created in the Plateau of Santa Catarina. Aiming to evaluate and to compare the passive transfer of immunity and serum protein concentrations, two experimental groups of 11 calves of Criollo Lageano (CL) hornless variety and 14 Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus) calves were selected. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture for the measurement of total serum protein (TSP) by serum protein electrophoresis in agarose gel and the activity of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) by the method of the turbidity zinc sulphate, between 24 and 36 hours, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Statistical analysis of data was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey test for comparison of means (P<0.05) and correlation between variables. Values of TSP, globulins, immunoglobulins, IgG and serum GGT activity at birth (24-36 hours) confirmed that there was adequate TIP with no significant difference between the races, except for the serum GGT activity. Physiological variations in the curve of serum proteins from birth to 180 days of age were identified. Strong positive correlation was found between the values of gamma globulin and IgG (r=0.814 and r=0.877 for CL to AA), PTS (r=0.783 and r=0.947 for CL to AA), globulins (r=0.945 and r=0.985 for CL to AA), indicating that these variables will be good indicators of TIP in calves at the second day of life (24-36 hours). The correlation between gamma globulin and activity of GGT was weakly positive (r=0.251) for CL and strongly positive (r=0.815) for the Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus), in which a wide variation in GGT values after 24 hours of life of the calf were noticed. No difference was found in FPT between Criollo Lageano hornless variety and Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus), and was successful way in both breeds. It can be suggested that Criollo Lageano hornless variety breed is later in active antibody synthesis, highlighting the precocity of taurine evident in Aberdeen Angus (Red Angus) breed.(AU)

Prediction of unresponsiveness to second intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease refractory to initial treatment / 소아과

PURPOSE: This study investigated predictors of unresponsiveness to second-line intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment for Kawasaki disease (KD). METHODS: This was a single-center analysis of the medical records of 588 patients with KD who had been admitted to Asan Medical Center between 2006 and 2014. Related clinical and laboratory data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Eighty (13.6%) of the 588 patients with KD were unresponsive to the initial IVIG treatment and received a second dose. For these 80 patients, univariate analysis of the laboratory results obtained before administering the second-line IVIG treatment showed that white blood cell count, neutrophil percent, hemoglobin level, platelet count, serum protein level, albumin level, potassium level, and C-reactive protein level were significant predictors. The addition of methyl prednisolone to the second-line regimen was not associated with treatment response (odds ratio [OR], 0.871; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.216–3.512; P=0.846). Multivariate analysis revealed serum protein level to be the only predictor of unresponsiveness to the second-line treatment (OR, 0.160; 95% CI, 0.028–0.911; P=0.039). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine predictors of unresponsiveness to the second dose of IVIG showed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 72% at a serum protein cutoff level of <7.15 g/dL. CONCLUSION: The serum protein level of the patient prior to the second dose of IVIG is a significant predictor of unresponsiveness. The addition of methyl prednisolone to the second-line regimen produces no treatment benefit.

Prevalence and Assessment of Malnutrition Risk among Hospitalized Children in Romania.

Malnutrition is a prevalent condition in hospitalized children. Our aims were to evaluate the nutritional state and to validate the STRONGkids risk assessment tool in a hospitalized paediatric population in Romania. This is a prospective single-centre study in a tertiary teaching hospital in Romania (May 2011-January 2012). We calculated the STRONGkids score and measured the children’s height and weight. Standard deviation <-2 for weight-for-height and height-for-age was considered to indicate acute or chronic malnutrition respectively. Two hundred seventy-one children were included, with median age of 5.2 years and median hospital stay of 2.01 days. Prevalence of malnutrition and severe malnutrition was 37% and 15% respectively. Using the STRONGkids screening tool, 58% of the children were found at risk of malnutrition (24% were at high risk). The kappa coefficient of agreement between STRONGkids and WHO malnutrition classification was 0.61. When a low serum protein level was used in upgrading STRONGkids risk category, kappa increased significantly to 0.71 (p=0.001). A modified STRONGkids score, incorporating total serum protein levels, performs well in predicting malnutrition in hospitalized paediatric population in Romania.

Proteomic data show an increase in autoantibodies and alpha-fetoprotein and a decrease in apolipoprotein A-II with time in sera from senescence-accelerated mice

We evaluated changes in levels by comparing serum proteins in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice at 2, 6, 12, and 15 months of age (SAMP8-2 m, -6 m, -12 m, -15 m) to age-matched SAM-resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. Mice were sacrificed, and blood was analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. Five protein spots were present in all SAMP8 serum samples, but only appeared in SAMR1 samples at 15 months of age except for spot 3, which also showed a slight expression in SAMR1-12 m sera. Two proteins decreased in the sera from SAMP8-2 m, -6 m, and -12 m mice, and divided into 2 spots each in SAMP8-15 m sera. Thus, the total number of altered spots in SAMP8 sera was 7; of these, 4 were identified as Ig kappa chain V region (M-T413), chain A of an activity suppressing Fab fragment to cytochrome P450 aromatase (32C2_A), alpha-fetoprotein, and apolipoprotein A-II. M-T413 is a monoclonal CD4 antibody, which inhibits T cell proliferation. We found that M-T413 RNA level was significantly enhanced in splenocytes from SAMP8-2 m mice. This agreed with serum M-T413 protein alterations and a strikingly lower blood CD4+ T cell count in SAMP8 mice when compared to the age-matched SAMR1 mice, with the latter negatively correlating with serum M-T413 protein volume. Age-related changes in serum proteins favored an increase in autoantibodies and alpha-fetoprotein and a decrease of apolipoprotein A-II, which occurred in SAMP8 mice at 2 months of age and onwards. These proteins may serve as candidate biomarkers for early aging.

Transfer of passive immunity and serum proteinogram in the first six months of life of Criollo Lageano and black and white holstein calves / Transferência de imunidade passiva e proteinograma sérico de bezerros das raças Crioula lageana e Holandesa preta e branca nos primeiros seis meses de vida

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the transfer of passive immunity and the proteinogram in Criollo Lageano (CL) and Black and White Holstein (BWH) calves. Two groups were utilized with 13 Criollo Lageano and 10 BWH calves. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of total serum protein, electrophoresis of serum proteins, activity of the gamma glutamyl transferase, and concentration of IgG by the method of the zinc sulfate turbidity in periods between 24 and 36 hours of life, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% significance level, and correlations between variables were calculated. Variations of serum proteins followed a pattern of physiological behavior over the first six months of life and production of immunoglobulins was active earlier in BWH calves and slower in the Criollo Lageano, without causing any impact on their health. Gamma globulin in the first days of life (24-36h) was correlated with IgG (r=0.87 for CL and r=0.89 for BWH), PTS (r=0.91 for CL and r=0.92 for BWH), Glob (r=0.99 for CL and r=0.98 for BWH) and GGT (r=0.14 for CL and r=0.83 for BWH). It was concluded that there was no failure in the transfer of passive immunity in Criollo Lageano calves but this failure occurred in the BWH calves. IgG values estimated by the zinc sulfate turbidity and serum proteins were considered good indicators of the transfer of passive immunity in calves between 24 and 36 hours of life.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar e comparar a transferência de imunidade passiva e o proteinograma em bezerros da raça Crioula Lageana (CL) e Holandesa Preta e Branca (HPB). Foram utilizados dois grupos sendo 13 bezerros da raça Crioula Lageana e 10 da raça HPB. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas para a mensuração da proteína sérica total, eletroforese das proteínas séricas, atividade da gama-glutamiltransferase e concentração de IgG pelo método de turvação pelo sulfato de zinco nos períodos entre 24 e 36 horas de vida, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de ANOVA e Tukey ao nível de 5% de significância, e correlações entre as variáveis. As variações das proteínas séricas obedeceram a um padrão de comportamento fisiológico ao longo dos seis primeiros meses de vida e a produção ativa de imunoglobulinas foi mais precoce nos bezerros da raça Holandesa e mais lenta nos da raça Crioula Lageana, sem provocar qualquer impacto sobre a saúde dos mesmos. A gamaglobulina no primeiro dia de vida (24-36h) correlacionou-se com a IgG (r=0,87 CL e r=0,89 HPB), PTS (r=0,91 CL e r=0,92 HPB), Glob (r=0,99 CL e r=0,98) e GGT (r=0,14 CL e r=0,83 HPB). Conclui-se que não houve falha na transferência de imunidade passiva nos bezerros da raça Crioula Lageana e falha na raça Holandesa Preta e Branca. Os valores de IgG estimados pelo método da turvação pelo sulfato de zinco e das proteínas séricas foram bons indicadores da transferência de imunidade passiva nos bezerros entre 24 e 36 horas de vida.

Expression of low molecular weight proteins in patients with leukaemia / Expresión de las Proteínas de Bajo peso Molecular en Pacientes con Leucemia

The current study is conducted to observe the differences in the level of low molecular weight proteins in the sera of patients with leukaemia in comparison to healthy subjects (control group). The sera of patients with leukaemia showed 15 peaks in the densitometric curve in comparison to the seven peaks of the controls. The peaks in the experimental samples that coincide with those in the control were of 134.14, 113.15, 76.06, 63.25, 48.07, 22.85 and 16.47 kDa molecular weights, respectively. Most of the new peaks appeared between the proteins of molecular weight 36-29 kDa in the experimental groups. Mean density of the 134.14 kDa protein band showed an increase in the protein in experimental groups I and II only whereas 113.15 and 22.85 kDa protein were increased in all experimental groups of patients with leukaemia. The expression of 76.06 and 63.25 kDa protein fraction was downregulated in the patients with leukaemia. A decline in the level of the protein of 48.07 kDa was observed in patients with leukaemia except in Group I. Unlike the other protein fractions, the level of the protein of 16.47 kDa was significantly (p < 0.05) increased with a maximum density in Group II. Intergroup (experimental) comparison revealed an increasing pattern of95.44 and 89.21 kDa with maximum level in Group III sera. However, the protein fractions of 38.07 and 34.94 kDa varied in the serum with maximum density in Group IV Protein fractions of 32.92 and 31.24 kDa were expressed in all age groups of patients with leukaemia with a maximum density in Group III whereas the percentage densities of 14.42 and 13.56 kDa protein were quite different. This preliminary study will provide a basis to study the role of different proteins in patients with leukaemia.

El presente estudio se realiza con elfin de observar las diferencias en el nivel de proteínas de bajo peso molecular en los sueros de pacientes con leucemia, en comparación con pacientes sanos (grupo control). Los sueros de los pacientes con leucemia mostraron 15 picos en la curva densitométrica en comparación con los siete picos de los controles. Los picos en las muestras experimentales que coincidieron con aquéllos en los controles fueron de 134.14, 113.15, 76.06, 63.25, 48.07, 22.85y 16.47 kDa de peso molecular, respectivamente. La mayoría de estos nuevos picos aparecían entre las proteínas de peso molecular 36-29 kDa en los grupos experimentales. La densidad promedio de la banda proteica de 134.14 kDa sólo mostró un aumento en los grupos experimentales I y II, mientras que las proteínas de 113.15 y 22.85 kDa experimentaron un aumento en todos los grupos experimentales de pacientes con leucemia. La expresión de las fracciones de proteína de 76.06 y 63.25 kDa experimentó una reducción negativa (downregulation) en los pacientes con leucemia. Se observó una disminución en el nivel de la proteína de 48.07 kDa en los pacientes con leucemia, excepto en el Grupo I. A diferencia de las otras fracciones proteicas, el nivel de la proteína de 16.47 kDa aumentó significativamente (p < 0.05) con una densidad máxima en el Grupo II. La comparación intergrupal (experimental) puso de manifiesto un patrón de aumento de 95.44 y 89.21 kDa con un nivel máximo en los sueros del Grupo III. Sin embargo, las fracciones proteicas de 38.07 y 34.94 kDa variaron en el suero con densidad máxima en el Grupo IV Las fracciones proteicas de 32.92 y 31.24 kDa se expresaron en todos los grupos etarios de los pacientes con leucemia con una densidad máxima en el Grupo III, mientras que las densidades porcentuales del porcentaje de las proteínas de 14.42 y 13.56 kDa fueron bastante diferentes. Este estudio preliminar proporcionará la base para estudiar el papel de las diferentes proteínas en los pacientes con leucemia.

Differential expression of serum proteins in chromic arsenic exposed population / 中国地方病学杂志

Objectives To screen the differentially expressed proteins in serum of population chronically exposed to arsenic in drinking water,thus to provide candidate protein biomarkers for arsenic exposure and arsenicosis.Methods Subjects were selected from the drinking water type of endemic arsenicosis areas in Shanxi province,China.Demographic characteristics,history of arsenic exposure,cigarette smoking,alcohol drinking,health and other information were collected using questionnaire.The subjects were divided into low-arsenic group (with arsenic in drinking water ＜ 10 μg/L),medium-arsenic group( 10 - 50 μg/L),high-arsenic group( ＞ 50 μg/L),and arsenicosis group(the drinking water with arsenic ＞ 50 μg/L was replaced by low arsenic water ＜ 10 μg/L).The number of cases in each group was 30.The arsenicosis patients were diagnosed according to “Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Arsenism” (WS/T 211-2001 ).With the principle of informed consent,blood samples were collected.Differentially expressed serum proteins of different arsenic exposure groups and arsenicosis group were screened by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis(2-D DIGE),and further identified by mass spectrometry (MS).Results An average of (1299 ± 167) protein spots were identified in 6 gel images and 688 protein spots were discovered repeatedly in at least 5 gels.There were 33 protein spots differentially expressed among low-,medium- and high-arsenic groups P ＜ 0.01).Fifty four protein spots were significantly different among low-,medium-,high-arsenic exposure groups and arsenicosis group(P ＜ 0.01 ).Twenty five protein spots were selected for MS analysis,and13 protein spots were identified.Compared with low-arsenic group,the expressions of apolipoprotein A-Ⅳ,retinol binding protein,and estrogen receptor hypothalamic isoform in medium- and higharsenic exposure groups were down regulated,and the expressions of component 4A and 4B were up regulated.Compared with low-,medium- and high-arsenic groups,the expressions of beta-2-glycoprotein Ⅰ,Keratin 1,hemopexin,complement C1r subcomponent,and ficolin-3 in arsenicosis group were down regulated,and the expressions of pigment epithelial-differentiating factor,alpha-1-microglobulin and carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain were up regulated.Conclusions Chronic arsenic exposure can significantly change population's serum protein expression.Differentially expressed proteins in arsenicosis patients will not decline with the decline of arsenic in a short term.Whether or not the differentially expressed proteins identified in this study can be used as biomarkers for arsenic exposure and arsenicosis needs to be further verified.

Proteínas séricas de potros da raça Puro Sangue Árabe recém-desmamados ou com mais de trinta dias de desmame / Serum protein profile in Arabian foals recently weaned or at more than thirty days after weaning

A fase perinatal do desenvolvimento constitui um dos períodos de vida mais desafiadores para o sistema imunológico dos potros. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o perfil protéico sérico de parâmetros relacionados à imunidade de equinos jovens no período perinatal, verificando-se a transferência de imunidade passiva. Oito animais desmamados há um dia, formaram o Grupo 1 (G1), enquanto vinte animais desmamados há mais de trinta dias formaram o Grupo 2 (G2). A concentração sérica de proteína total foi determinada por refratometria. Para o fracionamento das proteínas, utilizou-se eletroforese em gel de acrilamida. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de medidas repetidas e ao teste Tukey (p<0,05) para comparação das médias. As concentrações de IgA apresentaram diferença (p<0,05) entre os grupos, porém os valores observados encontravam-se dentro do considerado normal para equinos adultos. Não houve diferença (p>0,05) nas concentrações de IgG. O estabelecimento adequado da imunidade celular ocorre durante a fase neonatal, nos animais que ingerem adequadamente o colostro e o leite. O presente estudo determinou diferenças no perfil protéico sérico de parâmetros relacionados à imunidade de equinos jovens no período imediato ao desmame, comparados com animais desmamados há mais de 30 dias. De acordo com os valores observados, concluiu-se que os animais, mesmo desmamados precocemente, obtiveram transferência adequada de imunidade passiva.

The perinatal phase of foal development is one of the most challenger period for the immune system. The present study has analyzed serum protein profile, considering variables related to immunity in foals at the perinatal phase, verifying passive immunity transfer. The group 1 (G1) contained eight foals evaluated one day after weaning, and group 2 (G2) included twenty foals at more than thirty days after weaning. Total protein concentration was determined by means of refractometry. The concentration of serum proteins was determined through sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test (P<0.05). IgA concentration showed difference (P<0.05) between the two studied groups, however data were within adult healthy horses normal values. IgG didn't show statistical difference (P>0.05). The cellular immunity establishment occurs in the neonatal phase, in foals that suckled colostrum and milk properly. The present study showed differences in serum protein profile, considering variables related to immunity, in foals immediately after weaning comparing to foals at more than 30 days after weaning. According to the observed values, we conclude that foals, even early weaned, showed proper passive immunity tranfer.

Serum protein concentrations, including acute phase proteins, in calves experimentally infected with Salmonella Dublin / Teores séricos de proteínas, incluindo proteínas de fase aguda, em bezerros infectados experimentalmente com Salmonella Dublin

The aim of this study was to evaluate serum protein concentrations in calves experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Dublin. Twelve healthy 10 to 15-day-old Holstein calves were randomly allotted into two groups, control and infected with 10(8) CFU of Salmonella Dublin orally. The calves were subjected to physical evaluation and blood samples were collected shortly before administration of the bacteria and also 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 168 hours post-infection. The concentration of serum proteins was determined through sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Thirty serum proteins ranging from molecular weight of 24,000 Da to molecular weight of 236,000 Da were detected. Serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin (125,000 Da), haptoglobin (45,000 Da), acid glycoprotein (40,000 Da) and a 34,000 Da protein were significantly increased in the experimentally infected calves, when compared with their concentrations in the control animals. Therefore, this study showed that S. Dublin infection could lead to the increase of certain serum proteins in calves.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as concentrações séricas de proteínas em bezerros inoculados experimentalmente com Salmonella Dublin. Foram examinados 12 bezerros sadios da raça Holandesa com 10 a 15 dias de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, controle e infectado experimentalmente com 10(8) UFC de Salmonella Dublin. As amostras de sangue foram colhidas minutos antes e 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 e 168 horas após a inoculação. As concentrações séricas das proteínas ceruloplasmina (125.000 Da), haptoglobina (45.000 Da), glicoproteína ácida (40.000 Da) e proteína de peso molecular de 34.000 Da foram significativamente maiores nos bezerros infectados do que nos do grupo controle. Portanto, o estudo mostrou que a infecção por S. Dublin pode elevar a concentração de certas proteínas séricas em bezerros.

Transferência de imunidade passiva em cordeiros de corte manejados extensivamente em clima tropical / Passive transfer of immunity in meat lambs reared in the tropics on extensive management

Aspectos relacionados à transferência de imunidade passiva (TIP) foram estudados em 290 cordeiros recém-nascidos, cruzas Texel, manejados extensivamente em contato permanente com as suas mães, e criados em clima tropical. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas dos cordeiros uma única vez entre 24 e 36 horas de vida para obtenção do soro sanguíneo. Foram determinadas a atividade da gama glutamiltransferase e as concentrações de proteínas totais por refratometria e colorimetria, de albumina, alfa, beta e gamaglobulinas por eletroforese e de IgG estimada pela turvação pelo sulfato de zinco. Os cordeiros foram agrupados de acordo com o sexo, o número de partos das ovelhas, o escore de condição corporal (ECC) da ovelha, o número de cordeiros nascidos, o peso e a vitalidade ao nascimento. Os fatores de risco para a ocorrência de falha na transferência de imunidade passiva (FTIP) foram identificados e a sua associação com a mortalidade de cordeiros foi testada. Foram estabelecidas correlações entre as variáveis estudadas. A TIP não foi influenciada pelo sexo, pelo número de partos ou pelo ECC das ovelhas. Houve diferenças entre os cordeiros únicos e gêmeos e entre os que nasceram com peso ≥3 kg e < 3 kg. A FTIP foi pouco frequente (12,4%), mais provável em gêmeos (p=0,026) e em cordeiros leves (p<0,001) e esteve fortemente associada com a mortalidade dos cordeiros até os 60 dias de vida (p<0,001). A taxa de mortalidade geral foi de 11,3%; e 30,5% dos cordeiros com FTIP morreram, quase todos no primeiro mês de vida. A concentração de proteína total determinada por refratometria se correlacionou (p<0,001) com as concentrações de gamaglobulinas (r=0,816) e de IgG (r=0,810) e o valor crítico ≤ 5,0g/dL para a proteína total pode ser admitido como indicador de FTIP...

Aspects related to passive transfer of immunity (PTI) were studied in 290 newborn lambs, crosses of Texel, kept with their mothers on extensive management intropical weather. Blood samples were taken between 24 and 36 hours of life. Serum gamma glutamyltransferase activity, total protein concentration, measured by refractometry and colorimetry, albumin, alfa, beta and gammaglobulins concentrations, measured by agarose gel electrophoresis, and IgG concentration estimated by the zinc sulphate turbidity test were determined. The lambs were grouped according to sex, ewe number of parturitions and body condition scoring, number of lambs born, birth weight and vitality. The risk factors for failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT) were identified and the association with lamb mortality was tested. Correlations between variables were established. There was no effect of sex, number of parturitions of ewes and ewe body condition scoring on PTI of lambs. However there were differences between singles and twins and between lambs born with good or lightweight (<3 kg). The FPT was infrequent (12.4%), more likely in twins (p=0.026) and in lightweight lambs (p<0.001), and was strongly associated with lamb deaths up to 60 days of age (p<0.001). The global mortality rate was 11.3%; and 30.5% of the lambs with FPT died, almost all in their first month of life. The total protein concentration, measured by refractometry, was correlated (p<0.001) with gammaglobulins (r=0.816) and IgG (r=0.810); and values < 5.0g/dL can be accepted for the diagnosis of FPT. Under tropical weather conditions FTP must be considered infrequent in crossbred meat lambs. However the surveillance and care must be intensified with twins and lambs with low birth weight.

Hypoglycemic effects and mechanism of mulberry leaves polysaccharide / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the hypoglycemic mechanism of mulberry leaves polysaccharide (MLP) in diabetic mice. Methods: Alloxan-induced diabetic model of mice was continuously ig administered with the distilled water, MLP at doses of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g/kg, respectively for six weeks. Body weight was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected for measurement of blood glucose at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th weekends after fasting for 5 h. Glucose tolerance test was carried out and femoral artery blood was taken to measure the glycosylated serum proteins (GSP) and the blood serum insulin content at the 6th weekend. The liver glycogen, homogenate protein content, hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), SOD, GSH-Px activity, and MDA level were measured in the end of the experiments. Results: Symptoms of diabetic mice fed with MLP were improved. The blood glucose level, the area under curve of the blood glucose, and GSP of diabetic mice fed with MLP decreased obviously. Their blood serum insulin, liver glycogen synthesis, HK secrection, SOD vitality, and body weight increased significantly. However, their MDA content decreased obviously. The PK vitality of diabetic mice fed with MLP at dose of 0.5 g/kg increased significantly, while there was little effect on GSH-Px activity. The ratios of liver, kidney, and spleen to body weight increased obviously in diabetic mice, but decreased obviously in the diabetic mice fed with MLP. Conclusion: It is suggested that MLP has the effects of enhancing their anti-oxidation by increasing SOD vitality and decreasing MDA content in diabetic mice. Through promoting insulin secretion and improving liver HK and PK vitality to promote blood glucose to enter the liver cells, glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, and decomposition are accelerated, and MLP can regulate the glucose metabolism, reduce blood sugar, and improve the symptoms in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

Differential expression of serum proteins of pancreatic cancer patients / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective Serologic proteome analysis method (SERPA) was used to compare the different of the serum proteins between normal and pancreatic cancer patients' serum, and to find a new specific pancreatic cancer marker. Methods HPLC was used to eliminate albumin from the serum, two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to separate the proteins. After imaging collection and analysis, the different proteins between pancreatic cancer and normal subjects were cut for mass spectrometry. Results Four discrepancy proteins were obtained. Guanylate cyclase-activating protein 2 was highly expressed in normal serum but not pancreatic cancer. Hp2-alpha, transthyretin and KIAA1018 protein were highly expressed in cancer patients'serum but not normal people. Conclusions KIAA1018 may become a promising tumor marker for screening and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Plasma protein glycation status in Pakistan type 2 diabetic patients with or without nephropathy.

Background: Amadori-modified glycated plasma proteins play an important role in diabetic microangiopathy. Many of the pathogenic changes that occur in diabetic nephropathy (DN) may be induced by non-enzymatic glycation (NEG). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of DN and non-enzymatic glycation levels in diabetic population. Methodology: One hundred patients with type 2 diabetes and forty healthy control subjects were recruited after consent. Case participants were further divided into two groups as type 2 diabetics with nephropathy (n = 22) and type 2 diabetics without nephropathy (n = 78). Non-fasting plasma glucose (Trinder GOD-PAP method), total plasma proteins (biuret method), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren’s method), HbA1c (glycohemoglobin spectrophotometry A1c Kit) and non-enzymatic glycation (TBA colorimetric technique) were assayed. Results: Diabetic patients with nephropathy had higher ESR (55.33 ± 24.68 mm/1st hour vs. 46.88 ± 23.95 mm/1st hour vs.12.73 ± 2.34 mm/1st hour), total proteins (15.71 ± 4 g/dL vs.14.01 ± 4 g/dL vs 6.18 ± 1.16 g/dL) and non-enzymatic glycation (1.73 ± 0.48 mol./mol. vs.1.47 ± 0.58 mol./mol. vs. 0.48 ± 0.18 mol./mol.) measurements as compared to those without any similar renal complications and controls. Appreciable correlation existed between hyperglycemia and non-enzymatic glycation. Conclusion: Although the clinical consequences of NEG of circulating proteins remain ambiguous. In diabetic patients, however, extensively glycated species could exhibit significant alterations in function. Present study suggests DN as a frequently prevalent secondary complication of diabetes with a potential link with elevated NEG and glycemic control.

Transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin e proteinograma sérico nos primeiros quatro meses de vida / Passive transfer of immunity in Nelore and Limousin calves and serum proteinogram in the first four months of life

To study the passive transfer of immunity, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were grouped (n=15) according to their dam's parity: first, second or third or more calvings. Blood samples were draw from each calf with 24 to 36 hours of life and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The total serum (TSP) and plasma (TPP) proteins, gamaglutamiltransferase activity (GGT), serum albumin, alpha, beta and gammaglobulin by electrophoresis in agarose gel and IgG estimated by the zinc sulphate turbidity test were determined. Two-way-ANOVA was used to compare the data in the first age. The age behaviour was analysed through repeated measures ANOVA. Correlations were established between the variables. The passive transfer of immunity was successful in both breeds and the parity of the dam had no effect on the calves' serum gammaglobulin concentration. The levels of gammaglobulins were higher at the end of the first day of life, and decreased until 60 days. From there on, the increase due to the active production of antibodies was precocious in taurine calves and slower in Zebu calves. At the end of the first day of life, the gammaglobulin was correlated with IgG (r=0,859), TPP (r=0,807), TSP (r=0,811) and GGT (r=0,399). The variation of serum proteins followed the normal pattern throughout the first four months of life, with little differences between taurine and Zebu calves.

Com o objetivo de investigar alguns aspectos relacionados à transferência de imunidade passiva em bovinos de corte, foram selecionados 90 bezerros aparentemente sadios, 45 da raça Nelore e 45 da raça Limousin, distribuídos em 3 grupos (com 15 bezerros cada) de acordo com o número de parições de suas mães: primeira cria; segunda cria; e terceira ou mais crias. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de cada bezerro entre 24 e 36 horas de vida e com 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias. Determinaram-se as concentrações de proteína total no soro (PT) e no plasma (PPT), a atividade sérica da gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT), e as concentrações séricas de albumina, alfa, beta e gamaglobulinas por eletroforese em gel de agarose e de IgG estimada por meio do método de turvação pelo sulfato de zinco. Empregou-se a análise de variância bifatorial para as variáveis mensuradas na primeira colheita. O comportamento das variáveis em função da idade foi estudado por meio da análise de variância de medidas repetidas. Correlações foram estabelecidas entre as variáveis. A transferência de imunidade passiva foi bem sucedida nos bezerros de ambas as raças e o número de parições das mães não interferiu no processo. As concentrações mais elevadas de gamaglobulinas ao término do primeiro dia de vida declinaram até valores mínimos aos 60 dias. A partir dessa idade, a elevação conseqüente à produção ativa de anticorpos foi mais precoce nos bezerros taurinos e mais lenta nos zebuínos. A gamaglobulina, ao término do primeiro dia de vida, correlacionou-se com as seguintes variáveis: IgG (r=0,859), PPT (r=0,807), PT (r=0,811) e GGT (r=0,399). O fator etário exerceu efeito sobre todas as variáveis mensuradas. As variações das proteínas séricas obedeceram a um padrão de comportamento fisiológico ao longo dos quatro primeiros meses de vida, de forma geral, não distinto em taurinos e zebuínos.

Red cell enzyme and serum protein polymorphisms (ACP1, PGM1, GLO1, ESD, HP, PI) in Turkish population.

Background: The allele frequencies in human populations are used in different areas such as population genetics, forensic genetics and anthropological studies. Various different populations have been investigated their allele frequency distributions of polymorphic traits. Aims and Objectives: The allele frequency distributions of four red cell enzyme (ACP1, PGM1, GLO1, ESD) and two serum protein systems (HP, PI subtypes) were analyzed in Turkish population from Adana area, Turkey, in order to enlarge our knowledge on the genetic composition of Turkish population. Material and Methods: Venous blood samples taken from 200 unrelated Turkish individuals were transported to the Forensic Serology Laboratory of Albert Szent-Gy φrgyi Medical University (Szeged/Hungary) for phenotyping. The phenotypes of ACP1, PGM1, GLO1, ESD, and HP systems were determined by means of starch gel electrophoresis, while PI subtypes were obtained by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing method. The allele frequencies were calculated by gene counting. Results: The calculated frequencies of the alleles are as follows: ACP1*A = 0.250 ± 0.021, ACP1 *B = 0.693 ± 0.023, ACP1 *C = 0.057 ± 0.011; PGM1 *1 = 0.710 ± 0.022, PGM1*2 = 0.288 ± 0.022, PGM1*6 = 0.002 ± 0.002; GLO1*1 = 0.373 ± 0.024, GLO1*2 = 0.627 ± 0.024; ESD*1 = 0.805 ± 0.019, ESD*2 = 0.195 ± 0.019; HP*1 = 0.265 ± 0.022, HP*2 = 0.735 ± 0.022; PI*M1 = 0.887 ± 0.015, PI*M2 = 0.010 ± 0.004, PI*M3 = 0.095 ± 0.014, PI*S = 0.008 ± 0.004. Conclusions: The comparison of the data with those of Asian and European populations showed that the allele frequencies of ACP1, ESD and HP are similar or close to those of Asian populations, whereas those of PGM1 and PI come close to European populations. The allele frequency of GLO1 system is inbetween those of Asians and Europeans